Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102703

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study schematic and clinical trial outcomes in IBD (A) Vitamin D clinical trial, sample collection, and processing overview. (B) Vitamin D treatment leads to improvement in serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, fecal calprotectin, disease activity scores (partial Mayo scores and Harvey Bradshaw index), and quality-of-life scores (SIBDQ). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (C) Vitamin D increased IgA-only binding while decreasing IgG-all binding to the gut microbiota in patients with IBD. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (D) Correlation matrix demonstrating association of IgA-bound and IgG-bound gut microbiota with IBD clinical parameters. Stars indicate nominal Wilcoxon signed-rank test p values: ns: p > 0.05; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Fecal calprotectin extraction was performed using the Buhlmann Calprotectin ELISA kit (Catalog No. 200096) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Alpco Immunoassays).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Binding Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102703

Figure Lengend Snippet: scRNA-seq reveals a4β7+ B cell heterogeneity and a4β7+ B cell immunophenotypes regulated by vitamin D (A and B) (A) UMAP of a4β7+ B cells ( n = 48 patients, two time points) according to subtype (left) and pseudo time (right). (B) Differential abundance analyses of a4β7+ B cells reveals enrichment of a4β7+ CX3CR1 B regulatory cells with vitamin D. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (C and D) (C) a4β7+ plasmablasts correlate with inflammation measured by fecal calprotectin. (D) Co-culture experiments of peripheral blood CD19 + B cells with pDCs (5,000 pDCs: 250,000 B cells) and 100 nM 1,25(OH)D2 for 48 h leads to increased IgA expression (measured my mean fluorescence intensity) but not IgG or IgM. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (E) Co-culture experiments demonstrate that both pDCs and 1,25(OH)D2 together are needed to induce a4β7+ CX3CR1 B regulatory cells induction from peripheral blood CD19 + B cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (F) Correlation network plot demonstrating association of a4β7+ B cells (purple nodes) with IgA- (turquoise nodes) and IgG-bound (orange nodes) gut microbiota taxa. Positive associations are denoted by red lines, and negative associations are denoted by blue lines. Weight of lines denote strength of correlations. Stars indicate nominal Wilcoxon signed-rank test p values: ns: p > 0.05; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Fecal calprotectin extraction was performed using the Buhlmann Calprotectin ELISA kit (Catalog No. 200096) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Alpco Immunoassays).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

Article Title: Noninvasive salivary biomarkers (PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8) for early-onset neonatal pneumonia: case-control differences and exploratory discrimination

doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1747967

Figure Lengend Snippet: Salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 are elevated in early-onset neonatal pneumonia (EONP) and show strong case—control discrimination. (A – C) Distributions of salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 in EONP vs. healthy controls (medians with IQRs; Mann–Whitney tests, all P < 0.001). (D – F) ROC curves for each single biomarker with optimal cutoffs (PTX3 ≥ 1.38 ng/mL; calprotectin ≥5.49 ng/mL; IL-8 ≥ 8.69 pg/mL). The solid line denotes the ROC curve and the dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval (lower and upper limits). (G) ROC curves for the three-marker combined model (logistic regression using PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8). The combined model achieved an apparent AUC of 0.978, and internally validated performance is overlaid (LOOCV and 5-fold cross-validation), demonstrating minimal performance degradation.

Article Snippet: Salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturers' instructions: PTX3 with the QuantikineTM Human Pentraxin 3 Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DPTX30B); calprotectin with the Quantikine® Human Calprotectin Heterodimer Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DS8900); and IL-8 with the LEGEND MAXTM High Sensitivity Human IL-8 ELISA Kit (BioLegend, Cat. 431517).

Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Biomarker Discovery, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

Article Title: Noninvasive salivary biomarkers (PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8) for early-onset neonatal pneumonia: case-control differences and exploratory discrimination

doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1747967

Figure Lengend Snippet: Salivary biomarkers are inter-correlated and track systemic inflammation in EONP. (A) Pairwise correlations among salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 in EONP (Spearman r , all P < 0.001). (B) Corresponding correlations in healthy controls (all P > 0.05). (C) Heatmap of Spearman correlations between salivary biomarkers and systemic indices (hs-CRP, serum PCT, serum IL-6, WBC, ANC, I/T ratio, platelets) in EONP, showing moderate-to-strong positive associations with inflammatory markers and inverse associations with platelets (panel labels show exact r ).

Article Snippet: Salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturers' instructions: PTX3 with the QuantikineTM Human Pentraxin 3 Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DPTX30B); calprotectin with the Quantikine® Human Calprotectin Heterodimer Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DS8900); and IL-8 with the LEGEND MAXTM High Sensitivity Human IL-8 ELISA Kit (BioLegend, Cat. 431517).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

Article Title: Noninvasive salivary biomarkers (PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8) for early-onset neonatal pneumonia: case-control differences and exploratory discrimination

doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1747967

Figure Lengend Snippet: Salivary biomarkers modestly enrich for blood-culture-positive bacteremia within EONP. (A – C) Salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 in culture-positive vs. culture-negative EONP cases (medians with IQRs; Mann–Whitney P < 0.001, =0.003, =0.002, respectively). (D – F) ROC curves for bacteremia detection using single salivary markers with optimal cutoffs (PTX3 ≥ 2.51 ng/mL; calprotectin ≥14.57 ng/mL; IL-8 ≥ 18.97 pg/mL), yielding AUCs 0.725, 0.682, and 0.689, respectively. The solid line denotes the ROC curve and the dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval (lower and upper limits). (G) ROC curves for the three-marker combined model (logistic regression using PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8). The combined model achieved an apparent AUC of 0.702, with internally validated AUCs of 0.706 (5-fold cross-validation) and 0.702 (LOOCV), indicating stable but moderate enrichment performance.

Article Snippet: Salivary PTX3, calprotectin, and IL-8 concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturers' instructions: PTX3 with the QuantikineTM Human Pentraxin 3 Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DPTX30B); calprotectin with the Quantikine® Human Calprotectin Heterodimer Immunoassay (R&D Systems, Cat. DS8900); and IL-8 with the LEGEND MAXTM High Sensitivity Human IL-8 ELISA Kit (BioLegend, Cat. 431517).

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY, Marker, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: NPJ Aging

Article Title: Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OL3246 supports healthy aging by enhancing quality of life, reducing inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota: a pilot study

doi: 10.1038/s41514-026-00338-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: The levels of zonulin ( a ) and calprotectin ( b ) have been analyzed at the end of the experiment. Statistical comparison has been made using the Welch t -test. Significance code: ns non-significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Fecal calprotectin (MRP8/14) levels were measured using the IDK® Calprotectin ELISA kit (#6927, Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany), strictly following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Comparison